Financial inclusion and poverty alleviation: an empirical examination

This study analyzes the impact of financial inclusion on poverty reduction in 156 countries belonging to different income groups during 2004–2019 period. We construct a novel composite index and apply both static dynamic panel estimation methods examine two levels. Our results indicate that has significant negative association with extreme developing but not high-income countries. The effect moderate is weaker than poverty. also conditional relationship between gender inequality inclusion, finding improvement enhances effectiveness influenced by how equally disadvantaged groups, particularly women, can access utilize services. findings suggest policymakers use as tool.